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Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Procedures for Rat in situ Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties
Published on: October 15, 2011
Muscle contraction: energy rate equations in relation to efficiency and step-size distance
1Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. cw3s@andrew.cmu.edu
Abstract:
We derive the energy rate equation for muscle contraction. Our equation has only two parameters m, the maintenance heat rate and 1/S, the shortening heat coefficient. The impulsive model (previously described in earlier papers) provides a physical basis for parameter 1/S as well as for constants a and b in Hill's force-velocity equation. We develop new theory and relate the efficiency and the step-size distance to our energy rate equation. Correlation between the efficiency and the step-size distance is established. The various numbers are listed in Table 1: we use data from five different muscles in the literature. In summary, our analysis strongly supports the impulsive model as the correct model of contraction.
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