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Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Brazilian population-based cohort study
Renan Stoll Moraes1, Flávio Danni Fuchs, Leila Beltrami Moreira
1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital de Cli;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
Insights
Male gender, high systolic blood pressure, and alcohol consumption are key risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Brazil. Obesity and smoking also showed a trend towards increased CVD incidence in this population-based study.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant global health burden.
- Identifying population-specific risk factors is crucial for effective prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Brazilian population.
- To analyze demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors associated with CVD incidence.
Main Methods:
- A population-based cohort study involving 1091 individuals in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Follow-up of 982 participants for a median of 6 years to ascertain cardiovascular events.
- Statistical analysis to identify risk factors, including male gender, blood pressure, and alcohol consumption.
Main Results:
- Male gender (HR 2.01), elevated systolic blood pressure (HR 1.03), and alcohol consumption (HR 1.001) were significantly associated with CVD incidence.
- Obesity (HR 1.05) and smoking (HR 1.65) showed a trend towards increased CVD risk.
- 52 cardiovascular events were recorded during the follow-up period.
Conclusions:
- Male sex, hypertension, and alcohol consumption are confirmed risk factors for CVD in this Brazilian cohort.
- The unexpected association between alcohol consumption and CVD warrants further investigation.
- Findings highlight the importance of targeted public health interventions for CVD prevention in Brazil.
Objective:
Our aim was to investigate risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population-based Brazilian cohort.
Design And Methods:
A cohort study was conducted with 1091 individuals identified through multi-stage probability sampling in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Risk factors were investigated among demographic and anthropometric characteristics, including education, smoking habits, income, alcoholic beverage consumption, and blood pressure. A fatal or non-fatal episode of myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure, and cases of sudden death comprised the composite endpoint.
Results:
Vital status was determined in 982 (90.0%) of the participants of the original cohort after 6.0+/-1.7 years of follow-up. A total of 52 individuals presented a cardiovascular event. Male gender (hazard ratio (HR) 2.01, 95% CI 1.03-3.91), systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04) and alcohol consumption (g/day) (HR 1.001, 95% CI 1.00-1.003) were associated with the incidence of CVD after controlling for confounding. Body mass index (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99-1.11) and current or previous smoking (HR 1.65, 95% CI 0.83-3.26) showed a trend for a positive association.
Conclusions:
We confirmed that male gender, systolic blood pressure, obesity and smoking are risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Brazilian population. The positive association between alcohol consumption and incident CVD was unexpected and deserves replication.