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Related Concept Videos

Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Bias01:22

Bias

Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...

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[Evaluation indicators of biomedical research].

Antonio García Romero1

  • 1Departamento de Economía (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) y Agencia Laín Entralgo (Comunidad de Madrid), España. help@eco.uc3m.es

Archivos Espanoles De Urologia
|September 10, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Evaluating research and development (R&D) activities is crucial for justifying investments and optimizing outcomes. This involves using techniques to gather information for R&D decision-making and assessing socio-economic impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Scientific evaluation methodologies
  • Research and Development (R&D) assessment
  • Innovation policy analysis

Context:

  • Justifying R&D investments requires robust evaluation frameworks.
  • Decision-making in R&D relies on actionable, information-driven insights.
  • The socio-economic impact of scientific endeavors is increasingly scrutinized.

Purpose:

  • To introduce fundamental concepts in research evaluation.
  • To provide an updated overview of common research evaluation methods.
  • To highlight the importance of assessing both scientific and socio-economic impacts.

Summary:

  • This article outlines key principles for evaluating R&D activities.
  • It details conventional methods focused on scientific output.
  • It also addresses the broader socio-economic impacts, crucial for fields like biomedical research.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of R&D evaluation for informed decision-making.
  • Provides a foundation for assessing the societal benefits of scientific research.
  • Supports the optimization of R&D investments and policies for better outcomes.