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[IL-18 in multiple sclerosis].

Hikoaki Fukaura¹, Seiji Kikuchi

¹Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine

|September 10, 2003

Summary

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Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a cytokine influencing immune responses, plays a role in autoimmune diseases like Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Its levels in MS are affected by genetic factors and treatments.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Neuroscience
Genetics

Context:

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor, is a cytokine produced by various immune and glial cells.
IL-18 modulates both T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) immune responses, with its function regulated by caspase-1.
IL-18 is implicated in autoimmune conditions, particularly Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Purpose:

To elucidate the role of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune diseases, specifically MS.
To investigate the relationship between IL-18 expression, genetic polymorphisms, and disease activity in MS.
To understand how therapeutic interventions for MS impact IL-18 levels.

Summary:

IL-18 promotes autoreactive T cell responses and central nervous system (CNS) autodestruction in EAE, partly through Natural Killer (NK) cell induction of Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).

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IL-18 is found in MS plaques and its expression is influenced by common promoter polymorphisms.

Elevated IFN-gamma in MS is linked to IL-18, which is induced by activated CD4+ T cells via CD40-CD40 ligand interactions and suppressed by treatments like glatiramer acetate (GA) and interferon-beta (IFN-beta).

Impact:

Highlights IL-18 as a potential therapeutic target in MS and other CNS autoimmune disorders.
Suggests that IL-18 promoter polymorphisms may influence MS susceptibility or disease course.
Provides insights into the mechanisms of existing MS therapies and their effect on cytokine profiles.