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Self-injurious behavior in the developmentally disabled: pharmacologic treatment
1Department of Psychiatry, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62794-9230.
Psychopharmacology Bulletin
|January 1, 1992
Summary
Pharmacological treatments for self-injurious behavior (SIB) and aggression in individuals with developmental disabilities show promise, particularly opioid antagonists like naltrexone. More controlled studies are needed to confirm efficacy and address underlying psychiatric conditions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Developmental Disabilities
Background:
- Self-injurious behavior (SIB) and aggression are significant challenges in individuals with intellectual disabilities and autism.
- Current treatment literature relies heavily on anecdotal evidence rather than rigorous, controlled studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current status of pharmacological interventions for SIB and aggression in individuals with mental retardation and autism.
- To identify promising treatment avenues and highlight the need for further research.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies and clinical experience.
- Analysis of pharmacological treatments, including psychotropics, opioid antagonists, beta-blockers, and neuroleptics.
Main Results:
- Opioid antagonists, such as naltrexone, show particular promise for managing SIB and aggression.
- Beta-blockers may have a role, but require more systematic investigation.
- Neuroleptic use is decreasing due to adverse effects like tardive dyskinesia and cognitive impairment.
Conclusions:
- SIB and aggression can be atypical manifestations of psychiatric syndromes in the developmentally disabled population.
- Understanding the psychopathology associated with these behaviors is crucial for effective treatment.
- Further controlled studies are essential to establish evidence-based pharmacological treatments.
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