Solitary tracheal plasmacytoma.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Respiratory Medicine
• Pathology

Background:

• Primary tracheal tumors are rare.
• Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is an uncommon plasma cell neoplasm typically found in the upper aerodigestive tract, with tracheal involvement being exceedingly rare.
• This report details a unique case of EMP originating in the trachea.

Observation:

• A 44-year-old male presented with symptoms of airway obstruction.
• Diagnostic imaging, including chest radiography, flow-volume loop, computed tomography (CT), and bronchoscopy, revealed a large, pedunculated intratracheal mass obstructing 85% of the airway lumen.
• Initial chest radiograph was normal, underscoring the importance of advanced imaging and functional tests.

Findings:

• The intratracheal mass was surgically excised via low tracheostomy.
• Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma.
• Extensive investigations ruled out multiple myeloma as the underlying cause.

Implications:

• This case demonstrates the successful management of a rare tracheal tumor through surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy.
• The patient achieved a good response to treatment with no recurrence observed at one-year follow-up.
• This case contributes to the limited literature on tracheal EMP, emphasizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this rare condition.