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Wine, liquor, beer, and mortality.

Arthur L Klatsky1, Gary D Friedman, Mary Anne Armstrong

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Oakland, CA 94611, USA. arthur.klatsky@kp.org

American Journal of Epidemiology
|September 11, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Heavy alcohol consumption increases mortality risk, while light drinking may offer slight protection, forming a J-shaped curve. Wine drinkers, regardless of type, showed lower mortality than beer or liquor consumers.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The relationship between alcohol consumption and mortality risk is complex, often exhibiting a J-shaped curve.
  • Previous studies suggest potential mortality benefits for wine drinkers compared to those consuming liquor or beer, but data are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between alcohol intake patterns, specifically wine, beer, and liquor consumption, and overall mortality.
  • To examine the J-shaped alcohol-mortality relationship and the specific impact of wine drinking frequency and type on mortality risk.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 128,934 adults from a Northern California health care program, with data collected between 1978-1985.
  • Mortality data were ascertained through automated linkage, and Cox proportional hazards models with eight covariates were employed to analyze relative risks.

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  • Specific analyses focused on total alcohol intake, frequency of wine (red, white, other), beer, and liquor consumption.

    • Main Results:

    • The J-shaped alcohol-mortality curve was consistently observed over a 20-year period.
    • Increased frequency of wine drinking was independently associated with a significantly lower mortality risk (p<0.001), primarily driven by reduced coronary disease risk.
    • This mortality benefit extended to all types of wine (red, white, other) and was a significant factor in the reduced risk observed among light drinkers.

    Conclusions:

    • Drinkers of any type of wine demonstrated a lower mortality risk compared to drinkers of beer or liquor.
    • The study highlights a potential protective effect of wine consumption against mortality, particularly coronary disease.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate whether the reduced risk is attributable to non-alcoholic wine components, specific drinking patterns, or other associated lifestyle factors.