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Nursing specialization evolved significantly since 1925, with programs advancing to the master's level. Two models exist: the nursing model focusing on care and the collaborative model involving advanced medical practice and physician partnership.

Area of Science:

Nursing Science
Healthcare Professions
Medical Education

Background:

Nursing specialization emerged in the early 20th century.
The specialty movement in nursing has accelerated since 1925.
Specialty programs are increasingly offered at the master's degree level.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the evolution of nursing specialization.
To differentiate between the nursing and collaborative models of specialization.
To highlight the educational and practice differences between specialization models.

Main Methods:

Historical review of nursing specialization.
Comparative analysis of two distinct specialization models (nursing vs. collaborative).
Examination of educational pathways and practice roles.

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Main Results:

Two primary models of nursing specialization exist: the nursing model and the collaborative model.
The nursing model emphasizes advanced nursing, behavioral sciences, education, and the caring role.
The collaborative model integrates advanced medical, behavioral, and biological sciences, with specialists working alongside physicians in diagnosis and treatment, often requiring additional state certification or licensure.

Conclusions:

Nursing specialization has diversified into distinct models with varying scopes of practice.
The collaborative model represents an advanced practice role, often requiring interdisciplinary collaboration and formal regulation.
Understanding these models is crucial for defining advanced nursing roles and educational preparation.