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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in sport: a review
1Institute of Sport Medicine Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia. bc6@bigpond.com
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication, like methylphenidate, addresses dopamine deficiency in athletes. Sporting bodies should consider guidelines for athletes using ADHD medication to ensure fair competition.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Sports Medicine
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents challenges in sports due to stimulant medication policies.
- Athletes with ADHD often require stimulant therapy, raising questions about participation eligibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings on ADHD, particularly concerning sports participation.
- To propose guidelines for sporting bodies regarding athletes with ADHD on stimulant therapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature search of the English medical database (Medline) from 1980 to 2002.
- Review of scientific evidence, including clinical, genetic, and imaging studies on ADHD.
Main Results:
- ADHD is linked to dopamine transmission dysfunction in the brain's attention and behavior centers.
- Increased dopamine transporter (DAT) density in ADHD individuals.
- Methylphenidate effectively increases dopamine levels by blocking DAT.
Conclusions:
- Many young athletes with ADHD regularly need stimulant medication.
- Penalizing athletes by requiring them to forgo medication for competition is unfair.
- Guidelines are needed for sporting bodies to accommodate athletes with ADHD on medication.
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