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The COG database: an updated version includes eukaryotes.

Roman L Tatusov1, Natalie D Fedorova, John D Jackson

  • 1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. tatusov@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

BMC Bioinformatics
|September 13, 2003
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

This study updates the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) and introduces Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOGs) for evolutionary gene classification. The new KOGs provide a framework for comparative genomics and functional annotation in eukaryotes.

Area of Science:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The increasing availability of complete genome sequences necessitates evolutionary classification systems for genes.
  • Orthologous gene relationships provide a natural framework for comparative genomics and functional annotation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) for prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes.
  • To construct Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOGs) for 7 eukaryotic genomes.
  • To facilitate functional annotation and evolutionary studies of genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Delineation of Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs).
  • Construction of clusters of predicted orthologs for eukaryotic genomes (KOGs).
  • Analysis of phyletic patterns within KOGs.

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Main Results:

  • The updated COG collection includes 138,458 proteins across 4873 groups, covering 75% of proteins from 66 prokaryotic and unicellular eukaryotic genomes.
  • The new KOG set comprises 4852 clusters with 59,838 proteins from 7 eukaryotic genomes, covering 54% of analyzed eukaryotic gene products.
  • A conserved core of approximately 20% was identified in KOGs, significantly higher than in COGs, potentially reflecting eukaryotic genome stability.

Conclusions:

  • The updated COG and KOG collections serve as a valuable platform for functional annotation of newly sequenced genomes.
  • These orthologous group collections are essential for genome-wide evolutionary studies, including those of complex eukaryotes.