Computer-controlled in vitro model of the human left heart

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Physiology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Medical Device Development

Background:

• Accurate assessment of mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation severity is vital for surgical decisions.
• Advancements in ultrasound have spurred interest in cardiac valve hydraulics.
• Understanding transmitral flow determinants is essential for clinical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and describe an in vitro model of the human left heart.
• To isolate and study the determinants of transmitral blood flow.
• To enable quantitative evaluation of mitral valve disease.

Main Methods:

• Construction of a mechanical hydraulic model simulating the left heart and pulmonary circulation.
• Integration of an electronic control system for regulating pressures, volumes, and cardiac rhythms.
• Inclusion of replaceable mitral and aortic valves for versatile testing.
• Facilitation of Echo-Doppler studies from atrial and ventricular perspectives.

Main Results:

• The model successfully differentiates the influence of preload, compliance, afterload, and heart rate on transmitral flow.
• Independent regulation and monitoring of hemodynamic parameters (pressures, volumes, pV-loops) are achievable.
• The model allows for controlled variation of left atrial filling pressure and aortic resistance.
• Enables comprehensive Echo-Doppler assessment of mitral valve function and flow dynamics.

Conclusions:

• The developed in vitro model provides a valuable tool for studying transmitral flow dynamics.
• It facilitates a quantitative understanding of factors influencing mitral valve function.
• This model can aid in the objective evaluation of mitral valve disease severity.
• It supports research into cardiac valve hydraulics and the development of diagnostic strategies.