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Related Experiment Videos

Spinal stiffness changes throughout the respiratory cycle.

D Shirley1, P W Hodges, A E M Eriksson

  • 1School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Univ. of Sydney, P.O. Box 170, Lidcombe, Sydney NSW 1825, Australia. D.Shirley@fhs.usyd.edu.au

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 13, 2003
PubMed
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Lumbar spine stiffness changes with breathing efforts, influenced by trunk muscle activity and intra-abdominal pressure. These findings reveal a cyclical modulation of spinal stiffness during respiration.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Spinal Physiology
  • Respiratory Mechanics

Background:

  • Lumbar spine stiffness is influenced by trunk muscle activity and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP).
  • These factors fluctuate with breathing patterns.
  • Understanding respiratory modulation of spinal stiffness is crucial for biomechanical analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if lumbar spine stiffness is cyclically modulated by respiration.
  • To examine the relationship between spinal stiffness, IAP, and trunk muscle activity during breathing.
  • To explore the diaphragm's potential role in augmenting spinal stiffness.

Main Methods:

  • Spinal stiffness measured via posteroanterior force-displacement at L2 and L4.
  • Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of abdominal and paraspinal muscles recorded.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Stiffness assessed at varying lung volumes, including functional residual capacity and extremes of tidal volume.

    • Main Results:

    • Lumbar spine stiffness (at L2 and L4) increased significantly above baseline at functional residual capacity during both inspiration and expiration.
    • Stiffness increased proportionally with respiratory effort, peaking during maximal expiration.
    • Results indicate a strong correlation between respiratory efforts, trunk muscle activity, IAP, and modulated spinal stiffness.

    Conclusions:

    • Respiratory efforts, through changes in trunk muscle activity and IAP, dynamically modulate lumbar spine stiffness.
    • The diaphragm may contribute to spinal stiffness due to its anatomical attachments to the lumbar vertebrae.
    • These findings highlight the interplay between respiratory and spinal biomechanics.