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Invited review: Aging and sarcopenia.

Timothy J Doherty1

  • 1RM 066, St. Mary's Hospital, St. Joseph's Health Centre, 21 Grosvenor St., London, ON, Canada N6A 1Y6. tim.doherty@sjhc.london.on.ca

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 13, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Aging causes sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to disability. Interventions like resistance exercise are needed to prevent or reverse this common condition in older adults.

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Neuroprotective effects of exercise on the aging human neuromuscular system.

Experimental gerontology·2021

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Aging is linked to declining neuromuscular function, increasing disability and loss of independence.
  • Sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with aging, affects 30% of individuals over 60.
  • Strength loss in older adults is primarily due to reduced muscle mass, not just muscle quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifactorial causes of sarcopenia.
  • To highlight the impact of sarcopenia on functional decline in the elderly.
  • To emphasize the need for research into interventions for sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of age-associated neuromuscular decline.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to sarcopenia.
  • Examination of prevalence and functional consequences.

Main Results:

  • Maximal voluntary contractile strength decreases by 20-40% in older adults.
  • Reduced muscle mass accounts for the majority of age-related strength loss.
  • Key contributing factors include motoneuron loss, reduced physical activity, hormonal changes, and altered protein synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcopenia is a significant health issue in aging populations, increasing disability.
  • Effective interventions, including resistance exercise, nutritional strategies, and pharmacological approaches, are crucial.
  • Further research is needed to develop and validate interventions to prevent or reverse sarcopenia.

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