Factors influencing the cadmium body burden in a population study

The cadmium body burden, as estimated from 24-h urinary cadmium (Cd-U), was determined in 1523 non-occupationally exposed subjects living in five areas of Belgium. It increased with age until 55-65 years in both sexes and thereafter decreased slightly. It was higher in smokers but was inversely associated with alcohol consumption and social class. In men only, it was also positively correlated with body mass index. After the menopause, women showed a significant increase in 24-h Cd-U independently of the other factors. In addition, the cadmium body burden was independently associated with place of residence in both sexes. Highest levels of Cd-U were found in subjects living in an area with soils heavily polluted by cadmium.