Effects of hypotensive anesthesia with sodium nitroprusside or isoflurane on hemodynamic and metabolic changes

The hemodynamic and metabolic changes during induced hypotension with isoflurane (isoflurane group) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP group) were observed in twelve mongrel dogs. These hypotensive effects were evaluated at 30 and 60 minutes after the mean arterial blood pressure was lowered to 50% from the control. Hemodynamic changes were evaluated by measuring systemic arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance. Metabolic changes were evaluated by measuring serum lactate and pyruvate, arterio-venous oxygen content difference and oxygen extraction rate. We also compared the ventilatory effect of hypotensive anesthesia by blood gas analysis. The results were as follows: 1. Isoflurane inhalation 2-4% or SNP infusion 10-20 micrograms/kg/min was required to reduce the mean arterial pressure to 50% of the control. 2. Heart rate was decreased slightly in the isoflurane group but significantly decreased in the SNP group. 3. There were no significant changes in central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in either group. 4. Cardiac output was reduced in both groups but was more severe in the isoflurane group. 5. Systemic vascular resistance was decreased by 36% in the isoflurane group and 47% in the SNP group. 6. Acidosis was apparent and did not recover to the control until 30 minutes after recovery in the SNP group. 7. Arterio-venous oxygen difference was increased during hypotension in the isoflurane group probably due to decreased cardiac output. 8. The lactate/pyruvate ratio increased slightly in the SNP group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)