Increased oxygen free radical activity in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery

Cardiac dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been reported by various investigators. Oxygen free radicals have been shown to depress cardiac function and contractility. To evaluate the possible role of oxygen free radicals (OFR) in post-pump cardiac dysfunction, measurements of cardiac function, OFR producing activity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes (PMN chemiluminescence) and malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product, in blood were made at induction of anesthesia (T1), before cross clamping of the aorta (T2), after closure of the chest (T3), and 24 hours postoperatively (T4) in 21 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. The total OFR-derived chemiluminescence at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 1590 +/- 156, 3169 +/- 338, 1972 +/- 214, and 2614 +/- 366 mv.min.10(6) PMN-1, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable chemiluminescence at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 1214 +/- 129, 2674 +/- 328, 1752 +/- 215, and 2139 +/- 292 mv.min.10(6) PMN-1, respectively. Superoxide anion at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 0.99 +/- 0.14, 1.30 +/- 0.17, 1.07 +/- 0.14, and 1.19 +/- 0.12 nmol.10(6) PMN-1.30 min-1, respectively. Blood MDA at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 0.17 +/- 0.02, 0.25 +/- 0.03, 0.20 +/- 0.03, and 0.23 +/- 0.02 nmol/ml, respectively. OFR-derived and SOD inhibitable chemiluminescence, superoxide anion, and blood MDA increased significantly during CPB and postoperatively. There were decreases in the blood pressure and stroke volume, and increases in the central venous pressure, capillary wedge pressure, and heart rate during CPB and postoperatively. Cardiac output remained unchanged during this procedure. There was leukopenia during CPB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)