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Invited review: autonomic dysfunction in peripheral nerve disease.

J G McLeod1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Muscle & Nerve
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is clinically important in select peripheral neuropathies, often linked to demyelination or small fiber damage. Management involves addressing the root cause and supportive therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is frequently impacted in peripheral neuropathies.
  • Autonomic dysfunction gains clinical significance in specific conditions like diabetes, amyloidosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, porphyria, and familial dysautonomia.
  • Pathological changes in the peripheral autonomic nervous system mirror those in somatic nerves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the clinical importance of autonomic dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies.
  • To describe the pathological basis and diagnostic approaches for autonomic disturbances.
  • To outline treatment strategies for autonomic dysfunction secondary to peripheral neuropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on peripheral neuropathies and autonomic involvement.
  • Analysis of pathological mechanisms underlying autonomic disturbances.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods for sympathetic and parasympathetic function.
  • Summary of current treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Autonomic disturbances are particularly prominent in conditions involving acute demyelination or damage to small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers.
  • Diagnostic investigations must encompass assessments of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system functions.
  • Effective management necessitates addressing the primary cause of the peripheral neuropathy.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomic nervous system involvement is common but clinically critical in a subset of peripheral neuropathies.
  • Understanding the specific pathological changes is key to diagnosing and managing autonomic dysfunction.
  • Comprehensive evaluation and targeted treatment are essential for patients with autonomic neuropathy.

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