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Glutathione and lens epithelial function.

F J Giblin, B Chakrapani, V N Reddy

    Investigative Ophthalmology
    |May 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Reduced glutathione (GSH) in the lens epithelium is crucial for normal cation transport. Its oxidation disrupts ion balance and Na+-K+ ATPase activity, with some effects being irreversible.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Glutathione (GSH) is a key antioxidant in ocular tissues.
    • Lens epithelium plays a vital role in maintaining lens clarity and function.
    • Cation transport is essential for cellular homeostasis and lens hydration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between glutathione (GSH) concentration in the lens epithelium and cation transport.
    • To determine the effects of GSH depletion on lens hydration, cation distribution, and Na+-K+ ATPase activity.
    • To assess the reversibility of GSH oxidation-induced damage to lens transport mechanisms.

    Main Methods:

    • Cultured rabbit lenses were treated with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to specifically oxidize GSH.

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  • Changes in lens hydration, Na+, K+, and Cl- distribution were monitored.
  • Na+-K+ ATPase activity and 86Rb uptake/efflux were measured to assess cation transport.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant decrease (≥60%) in lens epithelial GSH led to increased hydration and altered cation distribution.
    • Na+-K+ ATPase activity and active 86Rb transport decreased, while passive 86Rb diffusion increased.
    • While partial recovery of membrane permeability was observed with GSH regeneration, Na+-K+ ATPase inactivation and impaired active transport showed irreversibility.

    Conclusions:

    • A critical level of GSH in the lens epithelium is necessary for maintaining normal cation transport.
    • Oxidation of GSH can lead to irreversible damage to the Na+-K+ ATPase, impacting lens function.
    • These findings highlight the protective role of GSH against oxidative stress in the lens.