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Related Experiment Videos

Reversible histone modifications and the chromosome cell cycle.

E M Bradbury1

  • 1Dept. Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic cells modify histones through acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination to regulate chromosome structure and function during the cell cycle. These modifications are crucial for genome replication, transcription, and chromosome condensation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells undergo significant chromosome structural changes during the cell cycle.
  • These changes are linked to essential functions like DNA replication, transcription, and chromosome condensation.
  • Histone modifications play a key role in regulating these dynamic chromosome alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the cell cycle-dependent processes that modulate histone:DNA interactions.
  • To understand how specific histone modifications (acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination) impact chromosome structure and function.
  • To investigate the relationship between histone modifications and cell cycle control mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of reversible histone modifications: acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination.

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  • Focus on the N- and C-terminal domains of histones where these modifications occur.
  • Identification of key enzymes and proteins involved, such as cyclins and p34CDC2 kinase.

    • Main Results:

    • Histone acetylations are associated with genome replication and transcription.
    • Histone H1 and H3 phosphorylations correlate with chromosome condensation.
    • Ubiquitination involves adding ubiquitin to H2A and H2B C-terminal tails, affecting charge and structure.

    Conclusions:

    • Histone modifications are critical regulators of chromosome structure and function throughout the eukaryotic cell cycle.
    • These modifications, including acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, directly influence DNA replication, transcription, and chromosome condensation.
    • The processes controlling chromosome structure are likely intertwined with the cell cycle control machinery.