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HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in children in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

H D Gayle1, E Gnaore, G Adjorlolo

  • 1Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
|January 1, 1992
PubMed

Insights

In Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, HIV infection is a significant cause of illness in children. Maternal HIV transmission is the primary risk factor, with higher prevalence in hospitalized children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection poses a significant health challenge globally.
  • Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of pediatric HIV in regions co-endemic for HIV-1 and HIV-2 is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in children under 5 years old in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • To evaluate risk factors associated with pediatric HIV infection.
  • To describe the clinical characteristics of HIV-infected children.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 1,003 children (birth to 5 years) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Data collection included serological testing for HIV-1 and HIV-2, risk factor assessment (maternal HIV status, blood transfusions), and clinical evaluation.
  • Comparison of HIV prevalence between hospitalized children and those attending clinics.

Main Results:

  • Overall HIV seroprevalence was 10.8% in hospitalized children and 3.6% in clinic-attending children.
  • HIV-1 was the predominant virus, accounting for 87% of hospital and 77% of clinic seroreactive specimens.
  • Maternal HIV infection was identified as the primary risk factor, with 92% of seroreactive children having an HIV-positive mother.

Conclusions:

  • HIV infection is a major contributor to childhood morbidity in Abidjan.
  • Maternal-to-child transmission is the principal route of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in this pediatric population.
  • Further research on HIV transmission, clinical manifestations, and impact in West African children is warranted.

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