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[Neoplasms during the 1st year of life: a study of 116 cases treated during the last 10 years]
V Martínez Ibáñez1, A Pérez Martínez, A Marqués Gubern
1Departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil Valle de Hebrón, Barcelona.
Insights
Infants under one year with malignancies have a good prognosis, with a 75% five-year survival rate. Early diagnosis and controlled chemotherapy are crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric cancers.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Childhood Malignancies
- Infant Cancer Research
Background:
- 116 infants under one year of age diagnosed with various malignancies were treated over ten years.
- Common infant cancers include neuroblastomas, retinoblastomas, and Wilm's tumors.
- Hepatoblastoma and brain tumors present the highest incidence and poorest prognosis in the first year of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the treatment outcomes and survival rates of malignancies in infants under one year of age.
- To identify prognostic factors and challenges in managing pediatric cancers in this age group.
- To evaluate the efficacy of medical and surgical treatments for infant malignancies.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 116 infant patients diagnosed with malignancies over a ten-year period.
- Categorization of malignancies by type, including neuroblastomas, retinoblastomas, Wilm's tumors, hepatoblastomas, brain tumors, germ cell tumors, histiocytic, and soft tissue sarcomas.
- Evaluation of disease-free survival rates, familial incidence, and chemotherapy side effects.
Main Results:
- Overall five-year survival rate for children with malignancies under one year is 75%.
- Disease-free survival exceeds 80% for neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma with combined treatment.
- Hepatoblastoma and brain tumors show the worst prognosis (50% and 40% survival, respectively).
- Familial incidence is noted in Wilm's tumor (42%) and neuroblastoma (20%).
- Chemotherapy side effects are considerable (23% in Wilm's tumor, 21% in neuroblastoma) and require strict control.
Conclusions:
- Infants with malignancies under one year of age demonstrate a favorable prognosis with effective treatment strategies.
- Early diagnosis and prompt response to chemotherapy, alongside controlled management of side effects, are critical for enhanced survival.
- Lower surgical complication rates contribute to the positive outcomes observed in this pediatric population.
Abstract:
116 infants under one year of age (14 per 100) with malignancies including 35 neuroblastomas, 23 retinoblastomas, 14 Wilm's tumours, 10 hepatoblastomas, 10 brain tumours, 9 germ cell tumours, 8 histiocytic and 7 soft tissue sarcomas, were treated in the last ten years. Hepatoblastoma is the highest relative incidence tumor in the first year of life and with brain tumours has the worst prognosis (50 and 40 per 100, respectively). The disease-free survival rate is most than 80 per 100 in neuro and nephroblastoma with medical and surgical treatment. Familiar incidence in Wilm's tumor is 42 per 100 and chemotherapy side effects are 23 per 100. Familiar incidence in neuroblastoma is 20 per 100 and chemotherapy side effects 21 per 100. In conclusion, in children with malignancies under one year of age have good prognosis (75 per 100 survival at five years), with lower surgical complications rate. Early diagnosis and response to chemotherapy, the side effects of which are considerable and should be strictly controlled, are key factors in the better prognosis and increased life expectancy in this group of patients.