Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa
04:46

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Published on: September 3, 2012

Heteroconjugate antibodies enhance cell-mediated anti-herpes simplex virus immunity in vivo

L M Voss1, C S David, S D Showalter

  • 1Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

International Immunology
|March 1, 1992
PubMed

Heteroconjugate antibodies are generated by covalently linking two mAbs with different specificities. When anti-CD3 mAb, capable of activating effector T cells, is coupled to anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) mAb, which binds HSV antigens on virally-infected target cells, the resulting heteroconjugate antibody can be used in vitro to enhance anti-HSV immunity. Specifically, these heteroconjugate antibodies can augment anti-HSV immunity among lymphocytes previously lacking cytotoxicity against HSV-infected target cells. However, the efficacy of these specialized reagents in enhancing anti-HSV immunity in vivo has not been determined. We report here that anti-HSV heteroconjugates used in an adoptive transfer murine model of HSV-1 infection inhibited HSV replication in vivo and improved long-term survival. These results demonstrate that heteroconjugate antibodies have a potential therapeutic role in enhancement of anti-HSV immunity.

More Related Videos

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes13:53

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens06:03

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...