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Acute toxic effects of oxamyl in the rat

V Fayez1, W W Kilgore

  • 1Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis 95616.

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
|January 1, 1992
PubMed

Insights

Acute oral exposure to oxamyl, a carbamate insecticide, caused reduced weight gain and inhibited key enzymes like acetylcholinesterase in rats. Biochemical changes were observed, but most effects lessened by day 14, suggesting moderate toxicity.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Biochemistry
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Oxamyl is a carbamate insecticide widely used in agriculture.
  • Carbamates are known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme crucial for nerve function.
  • Understanding the biochemical effects of oxamyl is essential for assessing its toxicological profile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biochemical effects of acute oral oxamyl exposure in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
  • To determine the dose-dependent toxicity and reversibility of oxamyl's effects.
  • To evaluate the impact on key enzymes and metabolic parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered single acute oral doses of oxamyl (1, 2.1, and 3.5 mg/kg).
  • Biochemical parameters including weight gain, acetylcholinesterase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and succinic acid dehydrogenase were measured.
  • Serum total lipids, glucose, and protein levels were analyzed at various time points.

Main Results:

  • Oxamyl significantly decreased weight gain in exposed rats.
  • Inhibition of brain and blood acetylcholinesterase was observed within hours of exposure.
  • Dose-dependent inhibition of liver enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic acid dehydrogenase) occurred.
  • Changes in serum lipids and glucose were noted at higher doses, while serum protein remained unaffected.
  • Most biochemical effects showed reduced significance between days 7 and 14.

Conclusions:

  • Acute oral oxamyl administration leads to significant biochemical alterations in rats, including enzyme inhibition and changes in metabolic parameters.
  • The observed effects, particularly the reduction in enzyme inhibition over time, suggest a moderate overall toxicity of oxamyl at the tested doses.
  • These findings contribute to the understanding of oxamyl's toxicological impact and inform risk assessment for potential human or environmental exposure.

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