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Related Experiment Videos

Polypeptide translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

S L Sanders1, R Schekman

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley 94720.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|July 15, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are investigating key proteins involved in secretory protein translocation, aiming to resolve controversies regarding their essential roles and mechanisms in cellular processes. Future studies will clarify the translocon

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Secretory protein translocation is crucial for cellular function.
  • Several polypeptides are implicated in this process, but their exact roles remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve current controversies regarding the essentiality and function of various polypeptides in secretory protein translocation.
  • To elucidate the mechanistic details of the protein translocation apparatus and its regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic criteria, cross-linking, and antibody inhibition studies.
  • Reconstituted translocation reactions using fractionation or immunodepletion.
  • Analysis in purified systems.
  • Identification and assessment of homologous molecules in S. cerevisiae for in vivo translocation studies.

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Main Results:

  • Current research highlights ongoing debates about the nature of the ribosome receptor and the essentiality of BiP in mammalian cells.
  • The precise roles of signal peptidase and oligosaccharyltransferase subunits in translocation versus catalytic function are under investigation.
  • Mechanistic questions regarding the composition of the translocation apparatus (protein vs. lipid), insertion of integral membrane proteins, and translocon gating remain.

Conclusions:

  • Resolving these controversies through reconstituted and in vivo studies is critical for understanding protein translocation.
  • Determining the function of individual components and the overall mechanism will illuminate a fundamental enigma in cell biology.