Polymerase chain reaction in detection of CMV DNA in renal allograft recipients

This study investigates the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in comparison with viral culture and serology for monitoring of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in 21 consecutive renal allograft recipients treated with a quadruple immunosuppression protocol. In addition, an attempt is made to explore the significance of quantitation of CMV signals obtained from peripheral blood leucocytes. CMV infection developed in 16 patients with seven of these patients having organ involvement. All of these 16 patients had a fourfold rise in antibody titres as well as positive identification of CMV DNA in peripheral blood leucocytes by PCR. Blood viral cultures were negative in two of these patients. All five patients who remained PCR negative also remained culture negative with no antibody change. PCR detected CMV infection on average 15 days and 20 days earlier than viral culture and serology respectively. All except one of the patients with CMV organ involvement had an initial peak of CMV DNA followed by prolonged carriage of detectable CMV. The majority of patients with fever only or asymptomatic CMV infection had a transient peak of CMV DNA. A high incidence of CMV disease with organ involvement occurred in seronegative recipients of kidneys from seropositive donors (3/5) and in seropositive recipients of kidneys from seronegative donors (3/7). OKT3 was associated with a higher incidence of CMV organ involvement compared to Antilymphocytic globulin (3/5 v 4/16) but there was a higher incidence of CMV mismatched patients in the OKT3 treated group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)