Developmental changes in the effects of lidocaine on sodium channels in rat cardiac myocytes

Previous studies have suggested that there are developmental changes in the sodium channel blocking properties of class I antiarrhythmic drugs, yet this hypothesis has not been well tested using measurements of sodium current. In this study we defined the effects of lidocaine on the cardiac sodium current in neonatal (1-2-day old) and adult rat ventricular myocytes using the whole-cell variation of the patch-clamp technique (16 degrees C, [Na]i = 15 mM, [Na]o = 25 mM). Lidocaine (30 microM) produced significantly more tonic block at negative holding potentials (e.g., -140 mV) in neonatal myocytes (23.2 +/- 7.0%, mean +/- S.E.M., n = 9) compared to adult (6.5 +/- 1.1%, n = 12) (P less than .05). The percentage of use-dependent block obtained during trains of 10-msec pulses at a cycle length of 200 msec was also significantly greater in neonatal myocytes (22.5 +/- 5.6%, n = 9) compared to adult myocytes (6.9 +/- 2.2%, n = 7) (P less than .02). Analysis of the kinetics of block development at -20 mV indicated that neonatal cells have a lower dissociation constant for lidocaine interaction with inactivated channels (10.1 +/- 1.3 microM) compared to adult cells (16.5 +/- 1.9 microM)(P less than .02). A marked difference was found for the time constant of recovery from channel block, where neonates recovered from block approximately twice as slowly as adults (e.g., at -140 mV tau = 1.54 +/- 0.28 sec, n = 11 in neonates vs. tau = 0.64 +/- 0.07 sec, n = 13 in adults) (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)