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Distribution of insertion sequence IS1 in multiple-antibiotic resistant clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains

J Ramirez-Santos1, G Alvarez, E Cisneros

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico City.

Insights

Insertion sequence IS1 is prevalent in antibiotic-resistant bacteria like E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella. Its presence on plasmids suggests IS1 may help spread antibiotic resistance genes among clinical strains.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Multiple-antibiotic resistance (MAR) is a growing public health concern.
  • Insertion sequences (IS) are mobile genetic elements that can influence bacterial genome structure and gene expression.
  • IS1 is a well-characterized insertion sequence found in various bacterial species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of insertion sequence IS1 in clinical isolates of multiple-antibiotic resistant bacteria.
  • To investigate the association between IS1 presence and antibiotic resistance gene dissemination.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 70 clinical bacterial strains (46 Escherichia coli, 18 Salmonella, 6 Shigella) for the presence of IS1.
  • Detection of IS1 in both chromosomal and plasmid DNA.
  • Conjugation experiments to assess the transfer of antibiotic resistance markers.

Main Results:

  • IS1 was detected in 73% of strains on the chromosome and 63% on plasmids; 51% carried IS1 in both locations.
  • IS1 frequency was higher in Salmonella compared to E. coli and Shigella.
  • Ten strains with IS1-carrying plasmids (32.3%) transferred antibiotic resistance markers to recipient strains.
  • Antibiotic resistance markers remained stable through multiple generations.

Conclusions:

  • IS1 is frequently found in multiple-antibiotic resistant clinical isolates, particularly on plasmids.
  • The presence of IS1 on transferable plasmids suggests its role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which IS1 contributes to antibiotic resistance spread.

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