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Foot-and-mouth disease virus typing by complement fixation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monovalent and
A Alonso1, M A Martins, M da P Gomes
1Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Center (PAHO/WHO), RJ, Brazil.
Abstract:
An indirect "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyvalent and monovalent antisera was compared with the 50% complement fixation (CF50) test for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) O, A, and C virus types. ELISA was more sensitive than CF50 tests when polyvalent antisera were used for detecting the 3 types of virus in epithelial samples, whereas ELISA using monovalent antisera was the least sensitive technique. The ELISA performed with polyvalent antisera was 9 times more sensitive for detecting FMD virus than that with monovalent antisera. However, viral isolation in cell culture was the most sensitive detection system. The combined use of ELISA with polyvalent antisera and cell culture inoculations was the most effective procedure for identifying FMD virus in epithelial samples from the field.
Insights
Comparing diagnostic tests for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with polyvalent antisera showed higher sensitivity than complement fixation (CF50) tests. Combining ELISA and cell culture offers the most effective FMD virus detection.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunodiagnostics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals.
- Accurate and sensitive diagnostic methods are crucial for FMD control and eradication programs.
- Traditional methods like complement fixation (CF50) have limitations in sensitivity and specificity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the diagnostic sensitivity of an indirect "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the 50% complement fixation (CF50) test for detecting FMD virus types O, A, and C.
- To evaluate the performance of ELISA using both polyvalent and monovalent antisera.
- To determine the most effective diagnostic strategy for FMD virus identification in field samples.
Main Methods:
- Indirect "sandwich" ELISA utilizing polyvalent and monovalent antisera.
- 50% Complement fixation (CF50) test.
- Viral isolation in cell culture.
- Detection of FMD virus types O, A, and C in epithelial samples.
Main Results:
- ELISA with polyvalent antisera was more sensitive than CF50 tests for detecting FMD virus types O, A, and C in epithelial samples.
- ELISA using monovalent antisera demonstrated the lowest sensitivity among the tested methods.
- ELISA with polyvalent antisera was approximately nine times more sensitive than ELISA with monovalent antisera.
- Viral isolation in cell culture proved to be the most sensitive detection system overall.
- The combination of ELISA with polyvalent antisera and cell culture inoculation provided the most effective FMD virus identification.
Conclusions:
- Indirect "sandwich" ELISA with polyvalent antisera offers improved sensitivity for FMD virus detection compared to CF50 tests.
- Viral isolation in cell culture remains the gold standard for FMD virus detection sensitivity.
- A combined approach utilizing ELISA with polyvalent antisera and cell culture inoculation is recommended for optimal FMD virus identification in field settings.