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[Virus persistence in hepatitis A in monkeys].

Z V Shevtsova, I B Lomovskaia, B A Lapin

    Voprosy Virusologii
    |May 1, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hepatitis A virus (HAV) can cause chronic illness and relapses in monkeys, with persistent HAV remaining infectious. This study provides the first virological evidence linking HAV to chronic hepatitis A and late relapses.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Virology
    • Primate Models

    Background:

    • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection typically presents as acute hepatitis.
    • The potential for chronic HAV infection and its long-term sequelae in animal models remains less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the long-term clinical and virological course of Hepatitis A in non-human primates.
    • To determine the persistence and pathogenicity of HAV in experimentally and spontaneously infected monkeys.
    • To establish the etiological link between HAV persistence and chronic disease manifestations.

    Main Methods:

    • Long-term observation of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).
    • Assessment of spontaneous and experimentally induced Hepatitis A.

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  • Utilized radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, immune electron microscopy, and molecular hybridization to detect HAV persistence.
  • Monitored liver morphology, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and fecal HAV shedding.

    • Main Results:

    • Two forms of Hepatitis A were identified: acute and chronic, with some animals exhibiting 2-6 waves of undulating chronic illness.
    • Relapses (1-3) occurred at 2-4 or 6-11.5 months post-infection.
    • Persistent HAV was detected for 7-20 months, with morphological liver changes lasting 7-28 months.
    • Persisting HAV was confirmed to remain pathogenic in the primate hosts.

    Conclusions:

    • Hepatitis A virus can establish persistent infections in non-human primates, leading to chronic disease and late relapses.
    • This study provides the first virological evidence demonstrating the etiological role of HAV in chronic Hepatitis A and its relapses.
    • Persistent HAV in monkeys retains its infectivity and pathogenicity, highlighting the complexity of Hepatitis A virus infections.