Esophageal reflux. Diagnosis and therapy

Diagnosis of esophageal reflux often can be made on the basis of the characteristic symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. When the picture is not so typical, acid reflux testing and esophageal biopsy appear to be the best indicators of esophageal reflux. Medical management is directed toward preventing reflux, neutralizing refluxed gastric contents, and enhancing clearance of refluxed material. Antacids are a mainstay of therapy, along with restrictions on diet and certain types of activity. If conservative therapy fails to control symptoms and stricture is likely to develop, surgery may be indicated.