Endocrine effects of human recombinant interleukin-3 in cancer patients

It is known that several cytokines can exert hormonal effects. At present, no data are available about the possible influence of IL-3 on the endocrine system. In order to investigate the endocrine effects of IL-3 in humans, we have evaluated serum levels of cortisol, beta-endorphin, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, TSH and melatonin in response to intravenous injection of IL-3 at a dose of 1 mcg/kg b.w. at 6.00 p.m. The study was performed in 5 non-small cell lung cancer patients. GH increased significantly in response to IL-3. PRL showed a progressive decrease after IL-3 injection, but its variations were not statistically significant. All other hormones, including cortisol, were not affected by IL-3. This preliminary study shows that IL-3 may exert endocrine effects in humans, which would seem at variance with previously reported results on most other cytokines.