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Viruses in anogenital cancer
Epithelial Cell Biology
|July 1, 1992
Summary
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is crucial in anogenital cancers, but not the sole cause. Other viruses like herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may also play roles in cancer development and prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Virology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Sexual activity is linked to anogenital squamous epithelial carcinomas.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated, with specific HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 39) detected in most anogenital cancers.
- Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may have minor roles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of HPV and other viruses in the development of anogenital squamous epithelial carcinomas.
- To investigate the etiological factors beyond HPV in sexually related cancers.
- To understand the impact of co-infections on cancer prognosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of current evidence on viral associations with anogenital cancers.
- Analysis of HPV DNA presence in tumors and pre-invasive conditions.
- In vitro studies examining the transforming properties of viral genes (E6, E7) and synergistic effects.
Main Results:
- HPV 16 and 18 E6/E7 genes are expressed in HPV-positive tumors, showing transforming properties by binding p53 and pRB.
- HPV alone does not fully explain these cancers, as latent, non-sexually acquired HPV is common.
- HSV-2 can act as a cofactor, enhancing HPV transformation and gene expression.
- HIV is associated with increased anogenital malignancies, particularly anal cancers, and worse prognosis.
Conclusions:
- While HPV is a major factor in anogenital cancers, it's not the sole etiological agent.
- Co-factors like HSV-2 and HIV significantly influence cancer development and progression.
- Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay of viral and host factors in these malignancies.