Loco-regional nodal relapse in melanoma

Two-hundred and seven patients without evidence of disease following lymph node dissection (LND) were stratified into three groups: Group A, lymph node relapse within the site of prior LND; Group B, lymph node relapse in a different, but regional, lymph node group; Group C, no lymph node relapse. Decreased survival was noted in both Groups A and B versus Group C. Prognostic factors were identified as: (i) axial or subungal/volar (subvolar) location and the number of positive lymph nodes at initial LND for nodal relapse within the same lymph node group; (ii) male gender, axial/subvolar location, and the number of histologically positive lymph nodes at initial LND for nodal relapse in a different, but regional lymph node group; (iii) relapse within the initial LND site for a decreased survival. Six of 10 patients with both axial/subvolar primaries and four or more positive lymph nodes developed a relapse within the dissection site post-LND. These prognostic factors describe a subset of patients who would be candidates for postoperative adjuvant local/regional and systemic therapy trials.