Post transfusion hepatitis: comparison between homologous and autologous blood transfusion

To assess whether the use of autologous blood transfusion may affect the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis in transfused patients who undergo cardiac surgery.

One thousand one hundred and twelve polytransfused patients having undergone cardiac surgery were studied from October 1982 through September 1990. Patients were transfused with homologous blood from selected volunteer donors; autologous blood collection or blood saving were introduced in September 1986. Routine laboratory tests were carried out upon hospitalization and monthly for a six-month period. Patients with hepatitis were followed for at least 24 months and liver biopsy was performed in those with chronic hepatitis.

Ninety-four (9.8%) of the 959 polytransfused patients developed non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis; anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies were present in 52 out of the 72 patients tested. The mean incubation period for post-transfusion hepatitis was 70 days; hospitalization was required in 47.9% of the patients. The mean number of transfused units was 12.9 in patients who developed post-transfusion hepatitis and 6.96 in the those who did not. Hepatitis was chronic in 42% of the 94 patients; in the others alanine aminotransferase levels normalized in a mean period of 10.3 months. None of the 237 patients who received autologous blood had hepatitis.

In our study the role of surgical teams in preventing post-transfusion hepatitis was shown to be essential. The high percentage of chronicity and symptom-free hepatitis observed is a further reason to reduce homologous blood transfusions and instore careful follow-up of polytransfused patients.