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Related Experiment Videos

Calcium-binding proteins.

R H Kretsinger

    Annual Review of Biochemistry
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study catalogs 70 calcium-binding proteins, revealing that while some proteins bind calcium specifically, many intracellular enzymes show low affinity, suggesting modulation rather than activation. The "EF hand" motif is common in calcium-modulated proteins.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Calcium ions (Ca2+) play crucial roles in numerous biological processes.
    • Over 70 distinct proteins have been identified as calcium-binding entities.
    • Understanding calcium-protein interactions is vital for deciphering cellular signaling and function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To catalog and analyze known calcium-binding proteins.
    • To investigate the physiological significance of calcium binding in various protein types.
    • To identify general principles governing calcium-protein interactions and their functional implications.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and cataloging of 70 calcium-binding proteins.
    • Analysis of structural data for five calcium-binding proteins.

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  • Comparison of calcium affinities with physiological calcium concentrations in different cellular compartments.

    • Main Results:

    • No clear correlation exists between ligand type/geometry and Ca2+ affinity or selectivity in known structures.
    • Physiological significance of Ca2+ binding is unclear for many enzymes.
    • Extracellular enzymes typically exhibit low Ca2+ affinity (pKd = 3-4), consistent with extracellular concentrations.
    • Intracellular enzymes often have low affinities, suggesting Ca2+ acts as a modulator rather than an activator.
    • A distinct conformation, the 'EF hand', is prevalent in homologous calcium-modulated proteins.

    Conclusions:

    • Calcium binding mechanisms vary significantly across different protein classes.
    • Distinction between Ca2+-activated and Ca2+-modulated proteins is crucial for understanding cellular regulation.
    • The 'EF hand' motif represents an evolutionarily conserved structural feature for calcium sensing.