Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia occurring in childhood and adolescence has similar diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment ramifications as those noted with adult-onset schizophrenia. In assessing a child or adolescent suspected of having schizophrenia, care must be given to document DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria within the developmental framework of the patient's functioning, while thoroughly evaluating for other potentially confounding disorders or conditions. Antipsychotic therapy is the only specific treatment for schizophrenia, and should be a fundamental component with a multimodal treatment program that also addresses the psychological, social, and educational needs of the patient and his or her family. Strategies for medication management vary depending on several factors, including the stage of the disorder, noted or potential side effects, and the response of the patient to treatment, and need to be coordinated for the long term by a child or adolescent psychiatrist familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia in this age group.