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Stoichiometric concentration and chemical potential.

O Siggaard-Andersen

    Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    The study recommends using SI units in clinical chemistry, defining pH via hydrogen ion excess chemical potential (kJ/mol). This clarifies distinctions between free and stoichiometric hydrogen ion concentrations for accurate chemical system descriptions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Chemical Thermodynamics
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • The adoption of SI units in clinical chemistry necessitates a re-evaluation of how chemical quantities are expressed.
    • Traditional pH measurements require a more precise thermodynamic definition within the SI framework.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a method for reporting pH using SI units based on excess chemical potential.
    • To differentiate between equilibrium and stoichiometric concentrations of hydrogen ions.
    • To establish a logical nomenclature for describing chemical species in a system.

    Main Methods:

    • Defining pH as the excess chemical potential of hydrogen ions (H+) in kJ/mol.
    • Deriving hydrogen ion concentration from excess chemical potential.
    • Distinguishing between free (equilibrium) and stoichiometric (total) H+ concentrations.

    Main Results:

    • pH can be accurately represented as the excess chemical potential of H+ (kJ/mol).
    • A clear distinction is established between the equilibrium concentration of free H+ and the stoichiometric concentration of total H+.
    • The term "stoichiometric concentration of H+" is proposed as a more logical designation for the excess concentration of total H+.

    Conclusions:

    • The excess chemical potential of H+ provides a robust SI-based definition for pH.
    • Distinguishing between free and stoichiometric concentrations is crucial for accurate chemical system analysis.
    • The proposed nomenclature enhances clarity and consistency in reporting chemical quantities.

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