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Related Experiment Videos

When does Parkinson's disease begin?

W C Koller1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66103.

Neurology
|April 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease (PD) has a long preclinical phase, with non-motor symptoms often appearing years before motor deficits. Early detection of preclinical PD may be possible through biologic markers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a significant degeneration of the substantia nigra and subsequent loss of striatal dopamine.
  • A long preclinical or asymptomatic period is a recognized feature of PD, with early-life risk factors contributing to a prolonged prodromal phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept of a long preclinical period in Parkinson's disease.
  • To discuss the implications of early risk factors and non-motor symptoms in the disease's progression.
  • To highlight the potential for detecting preclinical PD through advanced biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and clinical presentation.
  • Analysis of the timing and nature of early symptoms, including non-motor signs.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic techniques like Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for detecting dopamine reduction.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinical symptoms of PD manifest only after substantial neurodegeneration and dopamine loss.
    • Non-motor symptoms such as depression or sensory changes frequently precede motor symptoms by many years.
    • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) can identify striatal dopamine reduction in at-risk asymptomatic individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • The preclinical phase of Parkinson's disease is substantial, underscoring the need for early detection strategies.
    • The presence of Lewy bodies in a percentage of normal individuals over 50 suggests complex pathological processes.
    • Future advancements in biologic markers hold promise for the early detection and potential intervention in preclinical Parkinson's disease.