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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Mouse Heterotopic Cervical Cardiac Transplantation Utilizing Vascular Cuffs

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Central-nervous-system dysfunction after warm or hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.

B I Wong¹, R F McLean, C D Naylor

¹Department of Anaesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Lancet (London, England)

|June 6, 1992

Summary

Warm heart surgery using normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) showed improved postoperative neuropsychological function compared to hypothermic CPB. Neurological outcomes appear comparable or better with warmer temperatures during cardiac surgery.

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Surgery
Neuropsychology
Anesthesiology

Background:

Warm heart surgery is gaining popularity.
The impact of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) temperature on cognitive function post-cardiac surgery requires assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effect of normothermic versus hypothermic CPB on neuropsychological function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Main Methods:

A randomized trial involving 34 patients comparing normothermic (mean 34.7°C) and hypothermic (mean 27.8°C) CPB.
Patients underwent psychomotor and memory testing before and after surgery.
Nasopharyngeal temperature was monitored during CPB.

Main Results:

Postoperative scores in all seven neuropsychological tests were superior in the normothermic CPB group.
A statistically significant improvement was observed in trial-making test A (p < 0.023) for the normothermic group.
No significant difference in overall neurological function was found, suggesting comparable outcomes.

Conclusions:

Normothermic CPB in cardiac surgery does not appear to negatively impact neurological function.
Warmer CPB temperatures may offer advantages for cognitive recovery after coronary surgery.
Further research is warranted to confirm the benefits of normothermic CPB on neuropsychological outcomes.