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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Synthesis of Indoxyl-glycosides for Detection of Glycosidase Activities

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Published on: May 27, 2015

Toxicity and deaths from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy")

J A Henry¹, K J Jeffreys, S Dawling

¹National Poisons Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)

|August 15, 1992

Summary

Severe toxicity from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy, is increasing. This drug can cause hyperthermia, organ failure, and death, with rising cases of liver damage and accidents.

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Published on: November 23, 2016

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Emergency Medicine
Pharmacology

Background:

Adverse reactions to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy, are recognized but present with varied illness patterns.
Recent trends indicate an increase in severe toxicity cases linked to recreational MDMA misuse, even in small doses.

Purpose of the Study:

To report on the patterns of severe toxicity and adverse reactions associated with MDMA misuse observed between 1990 and 1991.
To highlight emerging complications such as hepatotoxicity and MDMA-related road traffic accidents.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of clinical cases experiencing adverse reactions to MDMA.
Monitoring of toxicity patterns, including fatalities, hepatotoxicity, and drug-identified individuals in road traffic accidents.

Main Results:

Seven fatalities exhibited severe toxicity, including hyperthermia, convulsions, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure.
Seven cases of hepatotoxicity were documented, suggesting an increasing frequency.
Five subjects involved in road traffic accidents tested positive for MDMA.

Conclusions:

MDMA misuse can lead to severe acute toxic effects, including potentially fatal hyperthermia and multi-organ failure.
Hepatotoxicity appears to be an increasing complication of MDMA misuse.
Further monitoring of long-term morbidity associated with MDMA use is warranted.