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Related Experiment Videos

Arctic terrestrial ecosystem contamination.

D J Thomas1, B Tracey, H Marshall

  • 1Axys Group Ltd, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada.

The Science of the Total Environment
|July 15, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Arctic ecosystems retain radioactive fallout and organochlorine contaminants, posing risks through the lichen-reindeer-human food chain. Persistent contaminants like cesium 137 and PCBs are concerning for Arctic wildlife and human health.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Arctic Ecology

Background:

  • Arctic terrestrial ecosystems show limited data on contaminant presence, unlike southern regions.
  • Radioactive fallout from past atmospheric weapons testing persists in the Arctic.
  • Lichens' high surface area and longevity lead to significant radioisotope accumulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing data on contaminants in the Arctic terrestrial ecosystem.
  • To identify major contaminant pathways and specific compounds of concern.
  • To assess contaminant levels in various Arctic species.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing databases and studies on Arctic contaminants.
  • Analysis of contaminant presence and concentrations in terrestrial flora and fauna.

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  • Comparison of contaminant levels between terrestrial and marine Arctic ecosystems.

    • Main Results:

    • Cesium 137's biological half-life is shorter than its physical half-life.
    • Organochlorines enter the terrestrial food chain primarily through air/plant/animal pathways.
    • Peregrine falcons exhibit high levels of PCBs and DDT, exceeding those in marine mammals.

    Conclusions:

    • Persistent radioactive fallout and organochlorines pose a threat to the Arctic terrestrial food web.
    • Local sources like mining and oil exploration contribute to Arctic contamination.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand contaminant impacts on Arctic biodiversity and human health.