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Thyroid hormone receptors and their role in development.

V K Chatterjee1, J R Tata

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge Clinical School, Addenbrooke's Hospital.

Cancer Surveys
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone action is mediated by thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) regulating gene expression. Molecular studies reveal TRs are part of a nuclear receptor superfamily, crucial for understanding hormone signaling and developmental processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones regulate physiological functions via gene expression, a concept established over 25 years ago.
  • Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) localization in the cell nucleus confirmed this mechanism.
  • Recent molecular studies, including TR gene cloning, have elucidated hormone-receptor-gene interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of thyroid hormone in regulating developmental processes.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone receptor action.
  • To identify future research directions in thyroid hormone signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on thyroid hormone action and receptor function.
  • Analysis of molecular studies on TR gene cloning and its relation to the c-erbA oncogene.
  • Discussion of nuclear receptor superfamily and conserved signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily, indicating conserved signaling pathways.
  • Differential TR gene expression and alternative splicing contribute to tissue-specific gene regulation.
  • Genetic defects in TRs are linked to human thyroid hormone-related diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular insights into TRs have advanced the understanding of hormone action in development.
  • Further research is needed on TR interactions with other transcription factors to explain tissue specificity.
  • Understanding TR gene regulation and receptor defects is critical for clinical applications.

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