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Cross-contamination potential with dental equipment.

D L Lewis1, M Arens, S S Appleton

  • 1Faculty of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.

Lancet (London, England)
|November 21, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Reused dental handpieces can harbor and transmit viruses like hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) between patients. Thorough cleaning and heat treatment are crucial to prevent cross-contamination risks.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dental Public Health
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Reused dental equipment, particularly handpieces, poses a potential cross-contamination risk.
  • Internal mechanisms can harbor patient materials, facilitating pathogen transmission, including hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of cross-contamination from reused dental handpieces and prophylaxis angles.
  • To determine if these devices can uptake and expel patient-derived contaminants, including viral DNA.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory and clinical trials were conducted on new prophylaxis angles and high-speed handpieces.
  • Human-specific DNA, HIV proviral DNA, and HBV DNA were tested for in samples from devices used on patients and in contact with infected blood.

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  • Bacteriophage phi X174 was used as a model virus to test for viral particle recovery.
  • Main Results:

    • Human DNA and HIV DNA were detected within and expelled from handpieces during patient treatments.
    • HBV DNA was found in handpieces and attached hoses after contact with infected blood.
    • Infective bacteriophage particles were recovered from internal mechanisms, hoses, and expelled water spray.

    Conclusions:

    • Reused dental handpieces and prophylaxis angles can transmit infectious agents.
    • Effective cleaning and heat treatment between patients are recommended to mitigate transmission risks.
    • Further research is needed to address contamination risks from exhaust and air/water lines.