Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2026
10:21
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
Published on: June 14, 2016
Aortic input impedance in mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: lack of interrelation with neurohormonal
1Medizinische Klinik II, Universität Regensburg, Germany.
European Heart Journal
|November 1, 1992
Summary
In early congestive heart failure (CHF), activated neurohormonal systems do not significantly increase left ventricular (LV) pulsatile load. Arterial properties remain largely unchanged in mild to moderate CHF patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Vascular Physiology
- Hemodynamics
Background:
- Chronic heart failure (CHF) involves activated neurohormonal systems.
- These systems may cause vasoconstriction and alter arterial properties.
- This could potentially increase left ventricular (LV) pulsatile load.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate LV pulsatile load and neurohormonal activation in patients with mild to moderate chronic CHF.
- To measure aortic input impedance as an indicator of LV pulsatile load.
Main Methods:
- Studied 20 patients with mild to moderate chronic CHF.
- Measured aortic input impedance to assess LV pulsatile load.
- Assessed plasma levels of norepinephrine, renin, atrial natriuretic peptide, and arginine vasopressin.
Main Results:
- Patients exhibited reduced cardiac index and LV ejection fraction, with elevated pulmonary wedge pressure.
- Increased plasma levels of norepinephrine, renin, atrial natriuretic peptide, and arginine vasopressin were observed.
- Characteristic impedance (Zc) was normal and did not correlate with neurohormonal activation levels.
Conclusions:
- Early-stage CHF neurohormonal activation does not significantly elevate LV pulsatile load.
- The physical properties of the great arteries are not substantially altered in these early stages.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
01:26Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
01:26Imbalances in Cardiac Output
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
01:20Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
01:15Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...