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Related Experiment Videos

The cornified cell envelope: loricrin and transglutaminases.

K Yoneda1, O W McBride, B P Korge

  • 1Skin Biology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

The Journal of Dermatology
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Human loricrin, a key protein in the cornified cell envelope (CE), has a gene located at 1q21. This gene exhibits size variants and sequence variations, influencing epidermal flexibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Human molecular biology
  • Dermatology
  • Protein biochemistry

Background:

  • The cornified cell envelope (CE) is a crucial structure in terminally differentiated human epidermis.
  • CE's insolubility arises from disulfide and isodipeptide crosslinks mediated by transglutaminases (TGases).
  • Loricrin is identified as the major protein component of the CE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize the human loricrin gene.
  • To investigate the structural features of human loricrin.
  • To analyze the genetic variation and expression of loricrin and TGase1.

Main Methods:

  • Gene isolation and characterization.
  • Protein structural analysis of human loricrin.
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for genetic variant analysis.

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  • cDNA and genomic clone sequencing for TGase1.

    • Main Results:

    • The human loricrin gene has a simple structure with one intron and maps to chromosome 1q21.
    • Human loricrin (26 kDa) features glycine-serine-cysteine-rich domains forming a glycine loop motif, crucial for epidermal flexibility.
    • Two allelic size variants of human loricrin exist due to variations in the second glycine loop, with further sequence variants from deletions.

    Conclusions:

    • Loricrin's structure, particularly the glycine loop motif, is vital for epidermal organization and flexibility.
    • Genetic variations in loricrin segregate normally in the population.
    • The study also involved isolating and sequencing TGase1 to understand its role in CE formation.