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Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Purification of Fibroblasts and Schwann Cells from Sensory and Motor Nerves in Vitro
08:16

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Published on: May 20, 2020

Oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Dmitri Tkachev1, Michael L Mimmack, Margaret M Ryan

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|September 19, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder brains show reduced expression of oligodendrocyte and myelin genes. These findings suggest shared pathways contribute to both conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Previous array studies indicated abnormal expression of lipid and myelin-related genes in schizophrenia.
  • Oligodendrocyte function and myelination are crucial for brain health and have been implicated in psychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate oligodendrocyte-specific and myelination-associated gene expression in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.
  • To compare gene expression patterns between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and control brains.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized brain samples from the Stanley brain collection (15 schizophrenia, 15 bipolar disorder, 15 controls).
  • Employed indexing-based differential display PCR for initial screening of gene expression differences.
  • Validated findings and assessed 16 additional oligodendrocyte and myelin genes using quantitative PCR and microarray analysis.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a significant reduction in key oligodendrocyte-related and myelin-related genes in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients compared to controls.
  • Observed a high degree of overlap in expression changes between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
  • Quantitative PCR and microarray analyses showed good correlation for the investigated genes.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder brains exhibit downregulation of critical oligodendrocyte and myelination genes, including regulatory transcription factors.
  • These findings support and extend previous microarray-based observations.
  • The shared gene expression changes in bipolar disorder brains suggest common pathophysiological pathways with schizophrenia.