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Patterns of predation in a diverse predator-prey system
A R E Sinclair1, Simon Mduma, Justin S Brashares
1Centre for Biodiversity Research, 6270 University Boulevard, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada. sinclair@zoology.ubc.ca
Nature
|September 19, 2003
Summary
Predator and resource limitation on animal populations are driven by species diversity and prey body size. In Serengeti, small ungulates face high predation, while larger ones experience food limitation, demonstrating biodiversity
Area of Science:
- Ecology
- Wildlife Biology
- Terrestrial Ecosystems
Background:
- Factors determining whether predation or resource limitation predominates in terrestrial ecosystems are poorly understood.
- Animal populations are significantly influenced by predators and available resources.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the factors controlling mortality causes in a diverse mammal community.
- To determine the interplay between predation and resource limitation in shaping herbivore populations.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 40 years of data from the Serengeti mammal community.
- Examination of species diversity of predators and prey.
- Assessment of prey body size relative to predators and other prey species.
Main Results:
- Species diversity and relative prey body size are key determinants of mortality causes.
- Small ungulates experience higher predation rates due to opportunistic hunting.
- A body size threshold (approx. 150 kg) separates species under predation pressure from those experiencing food limitation.
Conclusions:
- Biodiversity enables simultaneous top-down (predation) and bottom-up (resource) control of herbivore populations.
- Findings suggest a generalizable model for diverse predator-prey systems.
- Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective wildlife and ecosystem management.
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