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[Allergy to Anisakis simplex].

B Gómez, E Lasa, E Arroabarren

    Anales Del Sistema Sanitario De Navarra
    |September 19, 2003
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Anisakis simplex is a parasite causing anisakiasis in humans who eat raw or undercooked fish. Diagnosis involves clinical signs and tests, with prevention focused on avoiding contaminated seafood.

    Area of Science:

    • Parasitology
    • Foodborne Illness
    • Allergology

    Context:

    • Anisakis simplex is a nematode parasite with a complex life cycle involving marine mammals and fish.
    • Human infection, anisakiasis, occurs through accidental ingestion of infectious larvae in raw or undercooked seafood.
    • Anisakiasis cases have increased globally, including in Spain, presenting primarily with digestive issues and rare organ invasions.

    Purpose:

    • To review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of Anisakis simplex infections and allergies.
    • To highlight the distinction between parasitic anisakiasis and allergic reactions to Anisakis simplex.
    • To emphasize diagnostic methods and prophylactic strategies for Anisakis simplex exposure.

    Summary:

    • Anisakis simplex larvae cause anisakiasis, a parasitic infection, and allergic reactions in humans via raw/undercooked fish consumption.

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  • Symptoms range from digestive distress to systemic allergic responses, including IgE-mediated reactions to thermostable antigens.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical history, endoscopy for larvae, and specific IgE or skin tests for allergies.

    • Impact:

    • Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for patient recovery and preventing complications.
    • Public health awareness regarding safe seafood consumption is vital for preventing Anisakis simplex infections.
    • Understanding Anisakis simplex immunobiology aids in developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for both parasitic and allergic manifestations.