Derivation and characterization of glycoinositol-phospholipid anchor-defective human K562 cell clones

To aid in studies of human glycoinositol-phospholipid (GPI) anchor pathway biochemistry in normal and affected paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria cells, GPI anchor-defective human K562 cell lines were derived by negative fluorescent sorting of anti-decay-accelerating factor (DAF) monoclonal antibody-stained cells either following or in the absence of ethylmethylsulfonate pretreatment. The resulting cloned cells showed deficiencies of both DAF and GPI-anchored CD59, some (designated group A) exhibiting total absence and some (designated group B) exhibiting approximately 10% levels of surface expression of the two proteins. In heterologous cell fusions, group A clones complemented defective Thy-1 expression by class A, B, C, E, and I Thy-1-negative lymphoma lines, but not H or D lines, the latter of which is defective in the Thy-1 structural gene. In contrast, group B clones complemented all previously described GPI anchor pathway-defective lymphoma classes. Immunoradiomatic assays of cells and supernatants and 35S biosynthetic labeling showed that group A cells degraded DAF protein while group B cells secreted it but failed to attach a GPI anchor structure. [3H]Man labeling of intact cells and UDP-[3H]GlcNAc and GDP-[3H]Man labeling of broken cell preparations demonstrated that group A cells failed to synthesize GlcNAc- and GlcN-PI (GPI-A and -B) as well as more polar mannolipids, whereas group B cells showed accumulation of GlcNAc-PI with approximately 10-fold diminished levels of GlcN-PI and more polar mannolipids. The failed assembly of GlcNAc-PI in group A cells and the reduced conversion of this intermediate to GlcN-PI in group B cells indicates that the former harbors a defect in UDP-GlcNAc transferase or in assembly of its PI acceptor, while the latter harbors a defect in GlcN-PI deacetylase activity.