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Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity testing of sodium fluoride on Chinese hamster V79 cells and human EUE cells
D Slamenová1, A Gábelová, K Ruppová
1Department of Mutagenesis and Chemical Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia.
Abstract:
The cytotoxic effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on hamster V79 cells and human EUE cells were studied by measuring the cloning efficiency and DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in cells cultured in the presence of NaF. Potential mutagenicity of NaF was followed on the basis of induced 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants in treated Chinese hamster V79 cells. The results showed that the addition of 10-150 micrograms of NaF per ml of culture medium induced 10-75% cytotoxic effect on hamster V79 cells but had no toxic effect on human EUE cells. NaF was cytotoxic to human EUE cells at considerably higher concentrations (200-600 micrograms/ml). Growth of both cell types with 100 and 200 micrograms of NaF per ml caused inhibition of 14C-thymidine, 14C-uridine and 14C-L-leucine incorporation. This means that NaF inhibits macromolecular synthesis whereby damaging effects were less drastic in human EUE cells. The results of detailed mutagenicity testing on hamster V79 cells showed that NaF did not show any mutagenic effect after long-term (24-h) incubation of hamster cells in the presence of 10-400 micrograms of NaF per ml of culture medium.
Insights
Sodium fluoride (NaF) shows cytotoxic effects on hamster V79 cells but not human EUE cells at lower concentrations. NaF inhibits macromolecular synthesis in both cell types, with less damage to human cells, and is not mutagenic.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Toxicology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a common chemical with known biological effects.
- Understanding the differential toxicity and mutagenicity of NaF in various cell types is crucial for risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cytotoxic effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on hamster V79 and human EUE cells.
- To assess the potential mutagenicity of NaF in Chinese hamster V79 cells.
- To determine the impact of NaF on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in cultured cells.
Main Methods:
- Cells (hamster V79 and human EUE) were cultured with varying concentrations of NaF.
- Cytotoxicity was measured by cloning efficiency.
- DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis were assessed by radioisotope incorporation (14C-thymidine, 14C-uridine, 14C-L-leucine).
- Mutagenicity was evaluated by quantifying 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants in NaF-treated V79 cells.
Main Results:
- NaF exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity in hamster V79 cells (10-150 µg/ml) but not in human EUE cells at these concentrations.
- Human EUE cells showed cytotoxicity only at higher NaF concentrations (200-600 µg/ml).
- NaF inhibited macromolecular synthesis (DNA, RNA, protein) in both cell types at 100-200 µg/ml, with less severe effects in human EUE cells.
- No mutagenic effects of NaF were observed in hamster V79 cells after 24-hour incubation with NaF (10-400 µg/ml).
Conclusions:
- Sodium fluoride demonstrates differential cytotoxicity between hamster V79 and human EUE cells, with human cells being more resistant.
- NaF inhibits essential macromolecular synthesis, contributing to its cytotoxic effects.
- The study found no evidence of mutagenicity for NaF under the tested conditions.